[Grammar] When can a verb be transformed into a participle (Ving)

[englishteacher79]

I'd like to know the rule relating to when a verb can be transformed into a participle.

My understanding is if you have a sentence like:

"The price of cars is high. This leads to more people taking public transport."

You could change it to:

"The price of cars is high, which leads to more people taking public transport."

Or even using a "participle":

"The price of cars is high, leading to more people taking public transport."

I think the above three sentences sound right. However, take this sentence which uses the verb "have" instead of "lead"

"The price of cars is high. This has an impact on their sales."

It works OK when you transform this to:

"The price of cars is high, which has an impact on their sales."

However, it doesn't work so well if you try to change the verb to a Ving:

"The price of cars is high, having an impact on their sales."

It just doesn't sound as as the participle (Ving) used in the first set of sentence.

My question is why? Is there a rule as to why this is so? Perhaps it only works well with certain verbs?

Thanks.

 

[Roman55]

I am not a teacher.

You could rearrange, 'The price of cars is high, having an impact on their sales.' like this: 'The high price of cars is having an impact on their sales.'

 

[emsr2d2]

But then "is having" is the present continuous.

 

[MikeNewYork]

A present participle (-ing) can be part of a continuous verb or it can be a modifier (adjective or adverb).

 

[Roman55]

But then "is having" is the present continuous.

Yes, but at least it makes sense.