2. 'Having studied well, I got good marks.' - Simple Sentence
NOT A TEACHER
Hello, Vpkannan:
I have learned something that may interest you.
1. "
Having studied hard,
he passed the exam."
a. My source A calls that a
simple sentence. A says that it is a combination of the two simple sentences "He studied hard" and "he passed the exam."
NOTES:
* I assume that he feels that "Having studied hard" is a participial phrase that modifies the pronoun "he."
* In my opinion, this easy-to-understand explanation is used in those American secondary schools where formal grammar is still taught.
2. "
Having told the judge my story,
I was released."
a. My source B specifically says that "Having told the judge my story" modifies "I."
NOTE: B also classifies the sentence as a simple sentence, for there is no subordinate clause in that sentence.
3. "
Battered by the heavy storm, the ship limped into Southampton harbor."
a. Source C makes these super
important points:
* The participial phrase does NOT modify "the ship" [as many people might think].
* It is actually a
nonfinite subordinate clause marking a perspective.
* This point is more clearly shown by adding some words: "
After being battered by the heavy storm, the ship limped into Southampton harbor."
NOTES:
* Source C is intended for university-level students, who are older and able to understand more complex analyses.
* Based on C's analysis, I can understand why some people feel that it is more accurate to call your sentence a
complex sentence. In other words, perhaps "Having studied well" gives the
reason for your having got good marks. That is to say, "Having studied well" seems to carry the
subordinate idea of "Because I studied well."
Which analysis should you accept? I guess that it depends on which book you wish to believe and what your teacher tells you (especially for examination purposes). I shall keep my opinion to myself.
Source A: I.P. Attarde,
Encyclopedic Graded Grammar (2008), courtesy of Google "books." / Source B: Pence and Emery,
A Grammar of Every-Day English (copyright 1947 and 1963), page 376. / Source C: Roderick A. Jacobs,
English Syntax / A Grammar for English Language Professionals (1995), pages 72 and 313.