Past/present participle

[setpyal]

Hello,
I am confused about the use of past and present participle when used to modify a noun.
For example, The girl standing in the doorway is my sister uses the present participle standing. The girl named Ann is my sister uses the past participle named. Can you please explain the rule?

Thank you for your help.

 

[jamiep]

The girl is standing in the doorway NOW.

She was given the name "Ann" in the PAST, probably when she was born.

 

[sarat_106]

Hello,
I am confused about the use of past and present participle when used to modify a noun.
For example, The girl standing in the doorway is my sister uses the present participle standing. The girl named Ann is my sister uses the past participle named. Can you please explain the rule?

Thank you for your help.

When the present participle (-ing from) is used, the noun it describes is the performer of the activity named by the participle.
The girl standing in the doorway is my sister. “standing” describes the noun ‘my sister’ and she is the performer of the action (stand)
My sister is standing.

On the other hand, when the past participle (-ed, -en form) is used, the noun it describes is acted upon/become receiver of the action named by the participle.
The girl named Ann is my sister. Here my sister is called ‘Ann’ because she is the receiver of the action (name).
My sister has recieved the name 'Ann' given by the family.

 

[Raymott]

On the other hand, when the past participle (-ed, -en form) is used, the noun it describes is acted upon/become receiver of the action named by the participle.
Not necessarily, as you can see below, but you've given one useful distinction, which might be valid for transitive verbs.

1. "He scraped the drying paint off the wall."
2. "He scraped the dried paint off the wall."

As jamiep says, in 1. the paint is still drying now; in 2. the paint has finished drying in the past.

In both cases, the paint dries by itself (intransitively).

 

[corum]

Although tacitly, we are talking about postposited adjectives, Ray.

 

[corum]

For example, The girl standing in the doorway is my sister uses the present participle standing. The girl named Ann is my sister uses the past participle named. Can you please explain the rule?

Thank you for your help.

Reduced relative is the term used by most grammars to describe what we have here.

The girl (that is) standing... -- active: the girl is doing the standing
The girl (that is) named... -- passive: the girl received the act of naming