anupumh
Senior Member
- Joined
- Jul 30, 2009
- Member Type
- Student or Learner
- Native Language
- Hindi
- Home Country
- India
- Current Location
- India
Modal Verbs of Certainty
One of the meanings of modal verbs is to do with degrees of certainty: modal verbs can be used to say for instance that a situation is certain, probable, possible or impossible.
Modal verbs can be used to express these ideas about the past, present and future.
The most definite degree of certainty can be expressed with will and won't, followed by must and can't/couldn't, should and shouldn't, may and may not, and might/could and mightn't, which express the least definite degree of certainty.
(1) Present/Future
When we believe that a future state or event is certain to occur, we use will or won't:
- I'll be working on this report all afternoon.
- We won't be back in until tomorrow.
- You must be joking! That's just totally illogical!
- You can't be serious! That's just totally illogical!
- He couldn't be there now, surely. He always leaves at 4.30.
- We should be able to go to Spain next holidays if we keep saving at this rate.
- It shouldn't take us long to clean up this mess if we all help.
- We may go to the party - we haven't quite decided yet.
- You may not be able to get in if you turn up at the last minute.
- He might be at home, but he usually goes shopping on Saturday morning.
- He could be at home, but he usually goes shopping on Saturday morning.
- She mightn't be able to come - her mother's very ill.
(2) Past
All of these modal verbs can also be used to talk about degrees of certainty in the past. Once more, will or won't expresses the most certainty, and might/could or mightn't the least certainty.
- That will have been Ted you saw - he's seven feet tall.
- It won't have been Sue you saw - she's blonde and is five feet tall.
- That would have been Ted you saw - he's seven feet tall.
- It wouldn't have been Sue you saw - she's blonde and is five feet tall.
- That must have been fun - you love dancing, don't you?
- It can't/couldn't have been much fun out on the boat - there were gale-force wind, I hear.
- Where can they be? They should have been here a long time ago.
- Where can they be? They shouldn't have taken this long.
- She may have dropped by - we were out all morning.
- She may not have been able to see properly in the heavy rain.
- He might have had an accident!
- She mightn't have even known we were going to be here.