Having said/saying/kissing/being kissed

[Rachel Adams]

These sentences are from an online exercise. It asks to use the appropriate forms of the gerund. In my book by Betty Schrampfer Azar "Understanding and Using English Grammar" I read that "the past gerund is used to emphasize that the action of the gerund took place before that of the main verb. However, often there is little difference in meaning between a simple gerund and a past gerund." A simple gerund is for example "saying" and past gerund is "having said". Right? Can I use either simple gerund or past gerund having+past participle in each example except for sentence #5?

1. "He sat down without saying /having said a word."

2. "He didn't go without being kissed/having been kissed by his mother." (Passive gerund)

3. "After having congratulated/after congratulating (to congratulate) he kissed all his relatives."

4. "After having dinner/ having had dinner she went to the nursery."

5. "The teacher was ashamed of not knowing the answer."

6. "The robber escaped without being noticed/without having been noticed." (Passive)

 

[5jj]

Rachel, I tire of reminding you to post one question at a time.

 

[Rachel Adams]

Rachel, I tire of reminding you to post one question at a time.

Sorry, but I had to post them to compare to each other.

 

[Rachel Adams]

Rachel, I tire of reminding you to post one question at a time.

How do I delete this question? This is the only forum where questions are deleted by admins.

 

[5jj]

Sorry, but I had to post them to compare to each other.

Rachel, you always have an excuse that you seem to believe allows you to ignore our requests. It doesn't.

We need to deal with one question at a time, or threads can become very complicated and messy. Once one sentence is dealt with, you can then post a follow-up question about another.

This is the only forum where questions are deleted by admins.

No, it isn't.

 

[Rachel Adams]

Rachel, you always have an excuse that you seem to believe allows you to ignore our requests. It doesn't.

We need to deal with one question at a time, or threads can become very complicated and messy. Once one sentence is dealt with, you can then post a follow -up question about another.




No, it isn't.

I don't know why it showed up again. I deleted it.

 

[Tarheel]

Sorry, but I had to post them all to compare them to each other.

 

[Tarheel]

"He sat down without saying a word" is fine. The other one is also grammatical (I think), but I'm not sure what it means or in what context it would be used.

 

[Tarheel]

I can tell you in each case what is the most natural way to say it. (American English.) In some cases I would have to revise the sentence considerably.

 

[Rachel Adams]

I can tell you in each case what is the most natural way to say it. (American English.) In some cases I would have to revise the sentence considerably.

Would you use simple gerund in the other sentences too with "having done" being correct? He didn't go without being kissed/having been kissed by his mother." (Passive gerund) and in the other sentences too?

 

[Tarheel]

I've never heard of either a simple gerund or a passive gerund before. Here's my sentence:

Not a day went by that he wasn't kissed by his mother.