What is a Comma Splice?
A comma splice occurs when two independent clauses (parts of a sentence that can stand alone as sentences) are joined together with just a comma. This is considered incorrect in standard English grammar. For instance:
- I went outside, I needed a break.
In the example above, "I went outside" and "I needed a break" are both complete sentences. Joining them with only a comma creates a comma splice.
Why Are Comma Splices Problematic?
While comma splices might seem like a minor error, they can create confusion for readers. In English grammar, the comma has several uses, and when it's used to join two independent clauses it can make the sentence feel disjointed and unclear.
How to Avoid Comma Splices
There are three basic ways of avoiding comma splices:
- Write them as two independent sentences:
Example: I went outside. I needed a break.
Note: Using this too often can make the writing rather choppy if there are too many short sentences. - Separate them with a semicolon:
Semicolons can be used to join closely related independent clauses.
Example: I went outside; I needed a break. - Use a conjunction:
Conjunctions like "and," "but," "so," "because," etc., can be used to join the clauses.
Example: I went outside because I needed a break.
Additional Tips
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Subordinating Conjunctions: These can also be used to join independent clauses and avoid comma splices. For instance, "although," "since," and "while" can be used to create more complex and varied sentences.
Example: Although I went outside, I still felt overwhelmed.
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Transitional Phrases: Phrases like "however," "on the other hand," and "for instance" can be used with semicolons to join independent clauses and add more depth to the writing.
Example: I went outside; however, I returned quickly due to the rain.
Conclusion
Comma splices, while common, can be easily avoided with a bit of attention to sentence structure. By understanding the nature of independent clauses and employing the strategies mentioned above, one can write clearer and more grammatically correct sentences.